Public transportation refers to the system of buses, trains, subways, trams, and other forms of transport that are available for use by the general public. This system is typically operated by government agencies or private companies and is intended to provide a convenient and affordable way for people to travel within a city or region. Public transportation plays a crucial role in reducing traffic congestion, decreasing air pollution, and promoting sustainable urban development. Research in this area may focus on improving the efficiency and accessibility of public transportation systems, evaluating the impact of different modes of transport on the environment and public health, and identifying ways to increase ridership and reduce reliance on private vehicles.